The area around
Glacier Bay in southeastern
Alaska was first proclaimed a
U.S. National Monument on
February 25,
1925. It was changed to
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in
1980 by the
Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve is a
United States National Park in the southern part of Alaska west of
Juneau. The park area was included in an
International Biosphere Reserve in 1986 and is part of a
UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park covers 5,130 mi² (
13,287 km²). Most of the park is a designated
wilderness area which covers 4,164 mi² (10,784 km²) of the park.
No roads lead to the park and it's most easily reached by air travel. During some summers there are ferries to the small community of
Gustavus or directly to the marina at Bartlett Cove. Despite the lack of roads, there are over 300,000 visitors per year, most on cruise ships.
Glaciers descending from high snow capped mountains into the bay create spectacular displays of ice and iceberg formation. In the last century the bay’s most famous glacier was probably the
Muir Glacier, at one time nearly 3 km (2 miles) wide and about 80 m (265 feet) tall. The Muir Glacier has receded and since the 1990's is no longer tidewater. Most visitors today see the Margerie and Lamplugh Glaciers. All of Glacier Bay was glacier-bound as recently as 1750.
The explorer Captain
George Vancouver found
Icy Strait, at the south end of Glacier Bay, choked with ice in
1794. Glacier Bay itself was almost entirely iced over. In
1879 naturalist
John Muir found that the ice had retreated almost all the way up the bay, a distance of around forty-eight miles. By
1916 the
Grand Pacific Glacier was at the head of Tarr Inlet about 100 km (65 miles) from Glacier Bay's mouth. This is the fastest documented
glacier retreat ever. Scientists are hoping to learn how glacial activity relates to
climate changes from the retreat.
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve includes 9 tidewater glaciers. 4 actively calve (shed)
icebergs into the bay.
Wildlife in the area includes
bears,
deer,
mountain goats,
whales, and waterfowl.
World Heritage Site
The
Kluane-Wrangell-St. Elias-Glacier Bay-Tatshenshini-Alsek transborder park system comprising
Kluane,
Wrangell-St Elias,
Glacier Bay and
Tatshenshini-Alsek parks, was declared a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 for the spectacular glacier and icefield landscapes as well as for the importance of
grizzly bears,
caribou and
Dall sheep habitat.
Other images
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External results
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